internal/pkg: improve artifact interface

This moves all cache I/O code to Cache. Artifact now only contains methods for constructing their actual contents.

Signed-off-by: Ophestra <cat@gensokyo.uk>

6 files changed, 984 insertions, 744 deletions

diff --git a/internal/pkg/net.go b/internal/pkg/net.go
index 09ad7fa0..fb902213 100644
--- a/internal/pkg/net.go
+++ b/internal/pkg/net.go
@@ -3,11 +3,10 @@ package pkg
 import (
 	"context"
 	"crypto/sha512"
-	"errors"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
-	"os"
 	"sync"
+	"syscall"
 
 	"hakurei.app/container/check"
 )
@@ -17,38 +16,34 @@ type httpArtifact struct {
 	// Caller-supplied request.
 	req *http.Request
 
-	// Caller-supplied checksum of the response body, also used as the
-	// identifier. This is validated during curing.
-	id ID
+	// Caller-supplied checksum of the response body. This is validated during
+	// curing and the first call to Data.
+	checksum Checksum
 
 	// doFunc is the Do method of [http.Client] supplied by the caller.
 	doFunc func(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error)
 
-	// Instance of [Cache] to submit the cured artifact to.
-	c *Cache
 	// Response body read to EOF.
 	data []byte
-	// Populated when submitting to or loading from [Cache].
-	pathname *check.Absolute
 
-	// Synchronises access to pathname and data.
+	// Synchronises access to data.
 	mu sync.Mutex
 }
 
 // NewHTTP returns a new [File] backed by the supplied client and request. If
 // c is nil, [http.DefaultClient] is used instead.
-func (c *Cache) NewHTTP(hc *http.Client, req *http.Request, checksum Checksum) File {
-	if hc == nil {
-		hc = http.DefaultClient
+func NewHTTP(c *http.Client, req *http.Request, checksum Checksum) File {
+	if c == nil {
+		c = http.DefaultClient
 	}
-	return &httpArtifact{req: req, id: checksum, doFunc: hc.Do, c: c}
+	return &httpArtifact{req: req, checksum: checksum, doFunc: c.Do}
 }
 
 // NewHTTPGet returns a new [File] backed by the supplied client. A GET request
 // is set up for url. If c is nil, [http.DefaultClient] is used instead.
-func (c *Cache) NewHTTPGet(
+func NewHTTPGet(
 	ctx context.Context,
-	hc *http.Client,
+	c *http.Client,
 	url string,
 	checksum Checksum,
 ) (File, error) {
@@ -56,14 +51,25 @@ func (c *Cache) NewHTTPGet(
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return c.NewHTTP(hc, req, checksum), nil
+	return NewHTTP(c, req, checksum), nil
 }
 
 // Kind returns the hardcoded [Kind] constant.
 func (a *httpArtifact) Kind() Kind { return KindHTTP }
 
 // ID returns the caller-supplied hash of the response body.
-func (a *httpArtifact) ID() ID { return a.id }
+func (a *httpArtifact) ID() ID { return a.checksum }
+
+// Params is unreachable.
+func (a *httpArtifact) Params() []byte {
+	panic("not implemented")
+}
+
+// Dependencies returns a nil slice.
+func (a *httpArtifact) Dependencies() []Artifact { return nil }
+
+// Checksum returns the address to the caller-supplied checksum.
+func (a *httpArtifact) Checksum() *Checksum { return &a.checksum }
 
 // ResponseStatusError is returned for a response returned by an [http.Client]
 // with a status code other than [http.StatusOK].
@@ -95,44 +101,13 @@ func (a *httpArtifact) do() (data []byte, err error) {
 	return
 }
 
-// Hash cures the [Artifact] and returns its hash. The return value is always
-// identical to that of the ID method.
-func (a *httpArtifact) Hash() (Checksum, error) { _, err := a.Pathname(); return a.id, err }
-
-// Pathname cures the [Artifact] and returns its pathname in the [Cache].
-func (a *httpArtifact) Pathname() (pathname *check.Absolute, err error) {
-	a.mu.Lock()
-	defer a.mu.Unlock()
-
-	if a.pathname != nil {
-		return a.pathname, nil
-	}
-
-	if a.data != nil {
-		pathname, err = a.c.StoreFile(
-			a.id, a.data,
-			(*Checksum)(&a.id),
-			true,
-		)
-		if err == nil {
-			a.pathname = pathname
-		}
-		return
-	} else {
-		a.pathname, a.data, _, err = a.c.LoadOrStoreFile(
-			a.id, a.do,
-			(*Checksum)(&a.id),
-			true,
-		)
-		if err != nil {
-			a.pathname, a.data = nil, nil
-		}
-		return a.pathname, err
-	}
+// Cure returns syscall.ENOTSUP. Callers should use Data instead.
+func (a *httpArtifact) Cure(*check.Absolute, CacheDataFunc) error {
+	return syscall.ENOTSUP
 }
 
 // Data completes the http request and returns the resulting response body read
-// to EOF. Data does not write to the underlying [Cache].
+// to EOF. Data does not interact with the filesystem.
 func (a *httpArtifact) Data() (data []byte, err error) {
 	a.mu.Lock()
 	defer a.mu.Unlock()
@@ -142,23 +117,14 @@ func (a *httpArtifact) Data() (data []byte, err error) {
 		return a.data, nil
 	}
 
-	if a.pathname, a.data, err = a.c.LoadFile(a.id); err == nil {
-		return a.data, nil
-	} else {
-		a.pathname, a.data = nil, nil
-		if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-			return
-		}
-	}
-
 	if data, err = a.do(); err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 
 	h := sha512.New384()
 	h.Write(data)
-	if got := (Checksum)(h.Sum(nil)); got != a.id {
-		return nil, &ChecksumMismatchError{got, a.id}
+	if got := (Checksum)(h.Sum(nil)); got != a.checksum {
+		return nil, &ChecksumMismatchError{got, a.checksum}
 	}
 	a.data = data
 	return
diff --git a/internal/pkg/net_test.go b/internal/pkg/net_test.go
index 0466a4fc..2e2e2cec 100644
--- a/internal/pkg/net_test.go
+++ b/internal/pkg/net_test.go
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ func TestHTTP(t *testing.T) {
 	checkWithCache(t, []cacheTestCase{
 		{"direct", nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
 			var got []byte
-			if f, err := c.NewHTTPGet(
+			if f, err := pkg.NewHTTPGet(
 				t.Context(),
 				&client,
 				"file:///testdata",
@@ -45,15 +45,15 @@ func TestHTTP(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Fatalf("Data: error = %v", err)
 			} else if string(got) != testdata {
 				t.Fatalf("Data: %x, want %x", got, testdata)
-			} else if gotIdent := f.ID(); gotIdent != testdataChecksum {
-				t.Fatalf("ID: %x, want %x", gotIdent, testdataChecksum)
+			} else if gotIdent := pkg.Ident(f); gotIdent != testdataChecksum {
+				t.Fatalf("Ident: %x, want %x", gotIdent, testdataChecksum)
 			}
 
 			// check direct validation
 			wantErrMismatch := &pkg.ChecksumMismatchError{
 				Got: testdataChecksum,
 			}
-			if f, err := c.NewHTTPGet(
+			if f, err := pkg.NewHTTPGet(
 				t.Context(),
 				&client,
 				"file:///testdata",
@@ -62,13 +62,13 @@ func TestHTTP(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Fatalf("NewHTTPGet: error = %v", err)
 			} else if _, err = f.Data(); !reflect.DeepEqual(err, wantErrMismatch) {
 				t.Fatalf("Data: error = %#v, want %#v", err, wantErrMismatch)
-			} else if gotIdent := f.ID(); gotIdent != (pkg.Checksum{}) {
-				t.Fatalf("ID: %x, want %x", gotIdent, pkg.Checksum{})
+			} else if gotIdent := pkg.Ident(f); gotIdent != (pkg.Checksum{}) {
+				t.Fatalf("Ident: %x, want %x", gotIdent, pkg.Checksum{})
 			}
 
 			// check direct response error
 			wantErrNotFound := pkg.ResponseStatusError(http.StatusNotFound)
-			if f, err := c.NewHTTPGet(
+			if f, err := pkg.NewHTTPGet(
 				t.Context(),
 				&client,
 				"file:///nonexistent",
@@ -77,13 +77,13 @@ func TestHTTP(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Fatalf("NewHTTPGet: error = %v", err)
 			} else if _, err = f.Data(); !reflect.DeepEqual(err, wantErrNotFound) {
 				t.Fatalf("Data: error = %#v, want %#v", err, wantErrNotFound)
-			} else if gotIdent := f.ID(); gotIdent != (pkg.Checksum{}) {
-				t.Fatalf("ID: %x, want %x", gotIdent, pkg.Checksum{})
+			} else if gotIdent := pkg.Ident(f); gotIdent != (pkg.Checksum{}) {
+				t.Fatalf("Ident: %x, want %x", gotIdent, pkg.Checksum{})
 			}
 		}, pkg.MustDecode("E4vEZKhCcL2gPZ2Tt59FS3lDng-d_2SKa2i5G_RbDfwGn6EemptFaGLPUDiOa94C")},
 
-		{"load or store", nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
-			f, err := c.NewHTTPGet(
+		{"cure", nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
+			f, err := pkg.NewHTTPGet(
 				t.Context(),
 				&client,
 				"file:///testdata",
@@ -97,18 +97,16 @@ func TestHTTP(t *testing.T) {
 				"identifier",
 				testdataChecksumString,
 			)
-			var pathname *check.Absolute
-			if pathname, err = f.Pathname(); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Pathname: error = %v", err)
+			var (
+				pathname *check.Absolute
+				checksum pkg.Checksum
+			)
+			if pathname, checksum, err = c.Cure(f); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Cure: error = %v", err)
 			} else if !pathname.Is(wantPathname) {
-				t.Fatalf("Pathname: %q, want %q", pathname, wantPathname)
-			}
-
-			var checksum pkg.Checksum
-			if checksum, err = f.Hash(); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Hash: error = %v", err)
+				t.Fatalf("Cure: %q, want %q", pathname, wantPathname)
 			} else if checksum != testdataChecksum {
-				t.Fatalf("Hash: %x, want %x", checksum, testdataChecksum)
+				t.Fatalf("Cure: %x, want %x", checksum, testdataChecksum)
 			}
 
 			var got []byte
@@ -116,12 +114,12 @@ func TestHTTP(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Fatalf("Data: error = %v", err)
 			} else if string(got) != testdata {
 				t.Fatalf("Data: %x, want %x", got, testdata)
-			} else if gotIdent := f.ID(); gotIdent != testdataChecksum {
-				t.Fatalf("ID: %x, want %x", gotIdent, testdataChecksum)
+			} else if gotIdent := pkg.Ident(f); gotIdent != testdataChecksum {
+				t.Fatalf("Ident: %x, want %x", gotIdent, testdataChecksum)
 			}
 
 			// check load from cache
-			if f, err = c.NewHTTPGet(
+			if f, err = pkg.NewHTTPGet(
 				t.Context(),
 				&client,
 				"file:///testdata",
@@ -132,57 +130,23 @@ func TestHTTP(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Fatalf("Data: error = %v", err)
 			} else if string(got) != testdata {
 				t.Fatalf("Data: %x, want %x", got, testdata)
-			} else if gotIdent := f.ID(); gotIdent != testdataChecksum {
-				t.Fatalf("ID: %x, want %x", gotIdent, testdataChecksum)
+			} else if gotIdent := pkg.Ident(f); gotIdent != testdataChecksum {
+				t.Fatalf("Ident: %x, want %x", gotIdent, testdataChecksum)
 			}
 
 			// check error passthrough
 			wantErrNotFound := pkg.ResponseStatusError(http.StatusNotFound)
-			if f, err = c.NewHTTPGet(
+			if f, err = pkg.NewHTTPGet(
 				t.Context(),
 				&client,
 				"file:///nonexistent",
 				pkg.Checksum{},
 			); err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("NewHTTPGet: error = %v", err)
-			} else if _, err = f.Pathname(); !reflect.DeepEqual(err, wantErrNotFound) {
+			} else if _, _, err = c.Cure(f); !reflect.DeepEqual(err, wantErrNotFound) {
 				t.Fatalf("Pathname: error = %#v, want %#v", err, wantErrNotFound)
-			} else if gotIdent := f.ID(); gotIdent != (pkg.Checksum{}) {
-				t.Fatalf("ID: %x, want %x", gotIdent, pkg.Checksum{})
-			}
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("4WHaMvRRcCac1uAyXnEklEd2YaNQBj6rXlfMntX9GgYLij3By1znv5QYPGJHYQIH")},
-
-		{"store", nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
-			var (
-				got      []byte
-				pathname *check.Absolute
-				checksum pkg.Checksum
-			)
-			wantPathname := base.Append(
-				"identifier",
-				testdataChecksumString,
-			)
-			if f, err := c.NewHTTPGet(
-				t.Context(),
-				&client,
-				"file:///testdata",
-				testdataChecksum,
-			); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("NewHTTPGet: error = %v", err)
-			} else if got, err = f.Data(); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Data: error = %v", err)
-			} else if string(got) != testdata {
-				t.Fatalf("Data: %x, want %x", got, testdata)
-			} else if gotIdent := f.ID(); gotIdent != testdataChecksum {
-				t.Fatalf("ID: %x, want %x", gotIdent, testdataChecksum)
-			} else if pathname, err = f.Pathname(); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Pathname: error = %v", err)
-			} else if !pathname.Is(wantPathname) {
-				t.Fatalf("Pathname: %q, want %q", pathname, wantPathname)
-			} else if checksum, err = f.Hash(); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Hash: error = %v", err)
-			} else if checksum != testdataChecksum {
-				t.Fatalf("Hash: %x, want %x", checksum, testdataChecksum)
+			} else if gotIdent := pkg.Ident(f); gotIdent != (pkg.Checksum{}) {
+				t.Fatalf("Ident: %x, want %x", gotIdent, pkg.Checksum{})
 			}
 		}, pkg.MustDecode("4WHaMvRRcCac1uAyXnEklEd2YaNQBj6rXlfMntX9GgYLij3By1znv5QYPGJHYQIH")},
 	})
diff --git a/internal/pkg/pkg.go b/internal/pkg/pkg.go
index f56d42d1..4ab3125a 100644
--- a/internal/pkg/pkg.go
+++ b/internal/pkg/pkg.go
@@ -32,25 +32,30 @@ func Encode(checksum Checksum) string {
 	return base64.URLEncoding.EncodeToString(checksum[:])
 }
 
-// encode is abbreviation for base64.URLEncoding.EncodeToString(checksum[:]).
-func encode(checksum *Checksum) string {
-	return base64.URLEncoding.EncodeToString(checksum[:])
+// Decode is abbreviation for base64.URLEncoding.Decode(checksum[:], []byte(s)).
+func Decode(s string) (checksum Checksum, err error) {
+	var n int
+	n, err = base64.URLEncoding.Decode(checksum[:], []byte(s))
+	if err == nil && n != len(Checksum{}) {
+		err = io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+	}
+	return
 }
 
 // MustDecode decodes a string representation of [Checksum] and panics if there
 // is a decoding error or the resulting data is too short.
-func MustDecode(s string) (checksum Checksum) {
-	if n, err := base64.URLEncoding.Decode(
-		checksum[:],
-		[]byte(s),
-	); err != nil {
+func MustDecode(s string) Checksum {
+	if checksum, err := Decode(s); err != nil {
 		panic(err)
-	} else if n != len(Checksum{}) {
-		panic(io.ErrUnexpectedEOF)
+	} else {
+		return checksum
 	}
-	return
 }
 
+// CacheDataFunc tries to load [File] from [Cache], and if that fails, obtains
+// it via [File.Data] instead.
+type CacheDataFunc func(f File) (data []byte, err error)
+
 // An Artifact is a read-only reference to a piece of data that may be created
 // deterministically but might not currently be available in memory or on the
 // filesystem.
@@ -60,31 +65,62 @@ type Artifact interface {
 	// [Artifact] is allowed to return the same [Kind] value.
 	Kind() Kind
 
+	// Params returns opaque bytes that describes [Artifact]. Implementations
+	// must guarantee that these values are unique among differing instances
+	// of the same implementation with the same dependencies.
+	//
+	// Callers must not modify the retuned byte slice.
+	//
+	// Result must remain identical across multiple invocations.
+	Params() []byte
+
+	// Dependencies returns a slice of [Artifact] that the current instance
+	// depends on to produce its contents.
+	//
+	// Callers must not modify the retuned slice.
+	//
+	// Result must remain identical across multiple invocations.
+	Dependencies() []Artifact
+
+	// Cure cures the current [Artifact] to the caller-specified temporary
+	// pathname. This is not the final resting place of the [Artifact] and this
+	// pathname should not be directly referred to in the final contents.
+	//
+	// If the implementation produces a single file, it must implement [File]
+	// as well. In that case, Cure must produce a single regular file with
+	// contents identical to that returned by [File.Data].
+	Cure(work *check.Absolute, loadData CacheDataFunc) (err error)
+}
+
+// KnownIdent is optionally implemented by [Artifact] and is used instead of
+// [Kind.Ident] when it is available.
+//
+// This is very subtle to use correctly. The implementation must ensure that
+// this value is globally unique, otherwise [Cache] can enter an inconsistent
+// state. This should not be implemented outside of testing.
+type KnownIdent interface {
 	// ID returns a globally unique identifier referring to the current
 	// [Artifact]. This value must be known ahead of time and guaranteed to be
 	// unique without having obtained the full contents of the [Artifact].
 	ID() ID
+}
 
-	// Hash returns the [Checksum] created from the full contents of a cured
-	// [Artifact]. This can be stored for future lookup in a [Cache].
-	//
-	// A call to Hash implicitly cures [Artifact].
-	Hash() (Checksum, error)
-
-	// Pathname returns an absolute pathname to a file or directory populated
-	// with the full contents of [Artifact]. This is the most expensive
-	// operation possible on any [Artifact] and should be avoided if possible.
+// KnownChecksum is optionally implemented by [Artifact] for an artifact with
+// output known ahead of time.
+type KnownChecksum interface {
+	// Checksum returns the address of a known checksum.
 	//
-	// A call to Pathname implicitly cures [Artifact].
+	// Callers must not modify the [Checksum].
 	//
-	// Callers must only open files read-only. If [Artifact] is a directory,
-	// files must not be created or removed under this directory.
-	Pathname() (*check.Absolute, error)
+	// Result must remain identical across multiple invocations.
+	Checksum() Checksum
 }
 
 // A File refers to an [Artifact] backed by a single file.
 type File interface {
-	// Data returns the full contents of [Artifact].
+	// Data returns the full contents of [Artifact]. If [Artifact.Checksum]
+	// returns a non-nil address, Data is responsible for validating any data
+	// it produces and must return [ChecksumMismatchError] if validation fails.
 	//
 	// Callers must not modify the returned byte slice.
 	Data() ([]byte, error)
@@ -92,13 +128,22 @@ type File interface {
 	Artifact
 }
 
+// Ident returns the identifier of an [Artifact].
+func Ident(a Artifact) ID {
+	if ki, ok := a.(KnownIdent); ok {
+		return ki.ID()
+	}
+	return a.Kind().Ident(a.Params(), a.Dependencies()...)
+}
+
 // Kind corresponds to the concrete type of [Artifact] and is used to create
 // identifier for an [Artifact] with dependencies.
 type Kind uint64
 
 const (
-	// KindHTTP is the kind of [Artifact] returned by [Cache.NewHTTP].
+	// KindHTTP is the kind of [Artifact] returned by [NewHTTP].
 	KindHTTP Kind = iota
+	// KindTar is the kind of artifact returned by [NewTar].
 	KindTar
 )
 
@@ -109,11 +154,13 @@ func (k Kind) Ident(params []byte, deps ...Artifact) ID {
 	type extIdent [len(ID{}) + wordSize]byte
 	identifiers := make([]extIdent, len(deps))
 	for i, a := range deps {
-		id := a.ID()
+		id := Ident(a)
 		copy(identifiers[i][wordSize:], id[:])
 		binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(identifiers[i][:], uint64(a.Kind()))
 	}
-	slices.SortFunc(identifiers, func(a, b extIdent) int { return bytes.Compare(a[:], b[:]) })
+	slices.SortFunc(identifiers, func(a, b extIdent) int {
+		return bytes.Compare(a[:], b[:])
+	})
 	slices.Compact(identifiers)
 
 	h := sha512.New384()
@@ -134,8 +181,12 @@ const (
 	dirChecksum = "checksum"
 
 	// dirWork is the directory name appended to Cache.base for working
-	// directories created for [Cache.Store].
+	// pathnames set up during [Cache.Cure].
 	dirWork = "work"
+
+	// checksumLinknamePrefix is prepended to the encoded [Checksum] value
+	// of an [Artifact] when creating a symbolic link to dirChecksum.
+	checksumLinknamePrefix = "../" + dirChecksum + "/"
 )
 
 // Cache is a support layer that implementations of [Artifact] can use to store
@@ -144,30 +195,32 @@ type Cache struct {
 	// Directory where all [Cache] related files are placed.
 	base *check.Absolute
 
-	// Protects the Store critical section.
-	storeMu sync.Mutex
+	// Whether to validate [File.Data] for a [KnownChecksum] file. This
+	// significantly reduces performance.
+	strict bool
 
-	// Synchronises access to most public methods.
-	mu sync.RWMutex
-}
+	// Synchronises access to dirChecksum.
+	checksumMu sync.RWMutex
 
-// LoadFile loads the contents of a [File] by its identifier.
-func (c *Cache) LoadFile(id ID) (
-	pathname *check.Absolute,
-	data []byte,
-	err error,
-) {
-	pathname = c.base.Append(
-		dirIdentifier,
-		Encode(id),
-	)
+	// Identifier to content pair cache.
+	ident map[ID]Checksum
+	// Identifier to error pair for unrecoverably faulted [Artifact].
+	identErr map[ID]error
+	// Pending identifiers, accessed through Cure for entries not in ident.
+	identPending map[ID]<-chan struct{}
+	// Synchronises access to ident and corresponding filesystem entries.
+	identMu sync.RWMutex
+}
 
-	c.mu.RLock()
-	data, err = os.ReadFile(pathname.String())
-	c.mu.RUnlock()
+// IsStrict returns whether the [Cache] strictly verifies checksums.
+func (c *Cache) IsStrict() bool { return c.strict }
 
-	return
-}
+// SetStrict sets whether the [Cache] strictly verifies checksums, even when
+// the implementation promises to validate them internally. This significantly
+// reduces performance and is not recommended outside of testing.
+//
+// This method is not safe for concurrent use with any other method.
+func (c *Cache) SetStrict(strict bool) { c.strict = strict }
 
 // A ChecksumMismatchError describes an [Artifact] with unexpected content.
 type ChecksumMismatchError struct {
@@ -180,217 +233,357 @@ func (e *ChecksumMismatchError) Error() string {
 		" instead of " + Encode(e.Want)
 }
 
-// pathname returns the content-addressed pathname for a [Checksum].
-func (c *Cache) pathname(checksum *Checksum) *check.Absolute {
-	return c.base.Append(
-		dirChecksum,
-		encode(checksum),
-	)
-}
+// loadOrStoreIdent attempts to load a cached [Artifact] by its identifier or
+// wait for a pending [Artifact] to cure. If neither is possible, the current
+// identifier is stored in identPending and a non-nil channel is returned.
+func (c *Cache) loadOrStoreIdent(id *ID) (
+	done chan<- struct{},
+	checksum Checksum,
+	err error,
+) {
+	var ok bool
 
-// pathnameIdent returns the identifier-based pathname for an [ID].
-func (c *Cache) pathnameIdent(id *ID) *check.Absolute {
-	return c.base.Append(
-		dirIdentifier,
-		encode((*Checksum)(id)),
-	)
+	c.identMu.Lock()
+	if checksum, ok = c.ident[*id]; ok {
+		c.identMu.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
+	if err, ok = c.identErr[*id]; ok {
+		c.identMu.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
+
+	var notify <-chan struct{}
+	if notify, ok = c.identPending[*id]; ok {
+		c.identMu.Unlock()
+		<-notify
+		c.identMu.RLock()
+		if checksum, ok = c.ident[*id]; !ok {
+			err = c.identErr[*id]
+		}
+		c.identMu.RUnlock()
+		return
+	}
+
+	d := make(chan struct{})
+	c.identPending[*id] = d
+	c.identMu.Unlock()
+	done = d
+	return
 }
 
-// Store looks up an identifier, and if it is not present, calls makeArtifact
-// with a private working directory and stores its result instead. An optional
-// checksum can be passed via the result buffer which is used to validate the
-// produced directory.
-func (c *Cache) Store(
-	id ID,
-	makeArtifact func(work *check.Absolute) error,
-	buf *Checksum,
-	validate bool,
-) (
-	pathname *check.Absolute,
-	store bool,
+// finaliseIdent commits a checksum or error to ident for an identifier
+// previously submitted to identPending.
+func (c *Cache) finaliseIdent(
+	done chan<- struct{},
+	id *ID,
+	checksum *Checksum,
 	err error,
 ) {
-	pathname = c.pathnameIdent(&id)
-	c.storeMu.Lock()
-	defer c.storeMu.Unlock()
+	c.identMu.Lock()
+	if err != nil {
+		c.identErr[*id] = err
+	} else {
+		c.ident[*id] = *checksum
+	}
+	c.identMu.Unlock()
 
-	_, err = os.Lstat(pathname.String())
-	if err == nil || !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-		return
+	close(done)
+}
+
+// loadData provides [CacheDataFunc] for [Artifact.Cure].
+func (c *Cache) loadData(f File) (data []byte, err error) {
+	var r *os.File
+	if kc, ok := f.(KnownChecksum); ok {
+		c.checksumMu.RLock()
+		r, err = os.Open(c.base.Append(
+			dirChecksum,
+			Encode(kc.Checksum()),
+		).String())
+		c.checksumMu.RUnlock()
+	} else {
+		c.identMu.RLock()
+		r, err = os.Open(c.base.Append(
+			dirIdentifier,
+			Encode(Ident(f)),
+		).String())
+		c.identMu.RUnlock()
 	}
-	store = true
 
-	var (
-		workPathname    *check.Absolute
-		workPathnameRaw string
-	)
-	if workPathnameRaw, err = os.MkdirTemp(
-		c.base.Append(dirWork).String(),
-		path.Base(pathname.String()+".*"),
-	); err != nil {
-		return
-	} else if workPathname, err = check.NewAbs(workPathnameRaw); err != nil {
-		return
+	if err != nil {
+		if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			return
+		}
+		return f.Data()
+	}
+
+	data, err = io.ReadAll(r)
+	closeErr := r.Close()
+	if err == nil {
+		err = closeErr
 	}
+	return
+}
+
+// InvalidFileModeError describes an [Artifact.Cure] that did not result in
+// a regular file or directory located at the work pathname.
+type InvalidFileModeError fs.FileMode
+
+// Error returns a constant string.
+func (e InvalidFileModeError) Error() string {
+	return "artifact did not produce a regular file or directory"
+}
+
+// NoOutputError describes an [Artifact.Cure] that did not populate its
+// work pathname despite completing successfully.
+type NoOutputError struct{}
+
+// Unwrap returns [os.ErrNotExist].
+func (NoOutputError) Unwrap() error { return os.ErrNotExist }
+
+// Error returns a constant string.
+func (NoOutputError) Error() string {
+	return "artifact cured successfully but did not produce any output"
+}
+
+// Cure cures the [Artifact] and returns its pathname and [Checksum].
+func (c *Cache) Cure(a Artifact) (
+	pathname *check.Absolute,
+	checksum Checksum,
+	err error,
+) {
+	id := Ident(a)
+	ids := Encode(id)
+	pathname = c.base.Append(
+		dirIdentifier,
+		ids,
+	)
 	defer func() {
 		if err != nil {
-			chmodErr := filepath.WalkDir(workPathname.String(), func(path string, d fs.DirEntry, err error) error {
-				if err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-				if d.IsDir() {
-					return os.Chmod(path, 0700)
-				}
-				return nil
-			})
-			removeErr := os.RemoveAll(workPathname.String())
-			if chmodErr != nil || removeErr != nil {
-				err = errors.Join(err, chmodErr, removeErr)
-			} else if errors.Is(err, os.ErrExist) {
-				// two artifacts may be backed by the same file
-				err = nil
-			}
+			pathname = nil
+			checksum = Checksum{}
 		}
 	}()
-	if err = os.Chmod(workPathname.String(), 0700); err != nil {
+
+	var done chan<- struct{}
+	done, checksum, err = c.loadOrStoreIdent(&id)
+	if done == nil {
 		return
+	} else {
+		defer func() { c.finaliseIdent(done, &id, &checksum, err) }()
 	}
 
-	if err = makeArtifact(workPathname); err != nil {
+	_, err = os.Lstat(pathname.String())
+	if err == nil {
+		var name string
+		if name, err = os.Readlink(pathname.String()); err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		checksum, err = Decode(path.Base(name))
 		return
 	}
-	// override this before hashing since it will be made read-only after the
-	// rename anyway so do not let perm bits affect the checksum
-	if err = os.Chmod(workPathname.String(), 0700); err != nil {
+	if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
 		return
 	}
-	var checksum Checksum
-	if checksum, err = HashDir(workPathname); err != nil {
-		return
+
+	var checksums string
+	defer func() {
+		if err == nil && checksums != "" {
+			err = os.Symlink(
+				checksumLinknamePrefix+checksums,
+				pathname.String(),
+			)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	var checksumPathname *check.Absolute
+	var checksumFi os.FileInfo
+	if kc, ok := a.(KnownChecksum); ok {
+		checksum = kc.Checksum()
+		checksums = Encode(checksum)
+		checksumPathname = c.base.Append(
+			dirChecksum,
+			checksums,
+		)
+
+		c.checksumMu.RLock()
+		checksumFi, err = os.Stat(checksumPathname.String())
+		c.checksumMu.RUnlock()
+
+		if err != nil {
+			if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+				return
+			}
+
+			checksumFi, err = nil, nil
+		}
 	}
-	if validate {
-		if checksum != *buf {
-			err = &ChecksumMismatchError{checksum, *buf}
+
+	if f, ok := a.(File); ok {
+		if checksumFi != nil {
+			if !checksumFi.Mode().IsRegular() {
+				// unreachable
+				err = InvalidFileModeError(checksumFi.Mode())
+			}
 			return
 		}
-	} else {
-		*buf = checksum
-	}
 
-	checksumPathname := c.pathname(&checksum)
-	if err = os.Rename(
-		workPathname.String(),
-		checksumPathname.String(),
-	); err != nil {
-		if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrExist) {
+		var data []byte
+		data, err = f.Data()
+		if err != nil {
 			return
 		}
-	} else if err = os.Chmod(checksumPathname.String(), 0500); err != nil {
-		return
-	}
 
-	if linkErr := os.Symlink(
-		"../"+dirChecksum+"/"+path.Base(checksumPathname.String()),
-		pathname.String(),
-	); linkErr != nil {
-		err = linkErr
-	}
-	return
-}
+		if checksumPathname == nil {
+			h := sha512.New384()
+			h.Write(data)
+			h.Sum(checksum[:0])
+			checksums = Encode(checksum)
+			checksumPathname = c.base.Append(
+				dirChecksum,
+				checksums,
+			)
+		} else if c.IsStrict() {
+			h := sha512.New384()
+			h.Write(data)
+			if got := Checksum(h.Sum(nil)); got != checksum {
+				err = &ChecksumMismatchError{
+					Got:  got,
+					Want: checksum,
+				}
+				return
+			}
+		}
 
-// storeFile stores the contents of a [File]. An optional checksum can be
-// passed via the result buffer which is used to validate the submitted data.
-//
-// If locking is disabled, the caller is responsible for acquiring a write lock
-// and releasing it after this method returns. This makes LoadOrStoreFile
-// possible without holding the lock while computing hash for store only.
-func (c *Cache) storeFile(
-	identifierPathname *check.Absolute,
-	data []byte,
-	buf *Checksum,
-	validate, lock bool,
-) error {
-	h := sha512.New384()
-	h.Write(data)
-	if validate {
-		if got := (Checksum)(h.Sum(nil)); got != *buf {
-			return &ChecksumMismatchError{got, *buf}
+		c.checksumMu.Lock()
+		var w *os.File
+		w, err = os.OpenFile(
+			checksumPathname.String(),
+			os.O_CREATE|os.O_EXCL|os.O_WRONLY,
+			0400,
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			c.checksumMu.Unlock()
+
+			if errors.Is(err, os.ErrExist) {
+				err = nil
+			}
+			return
 		}
+		_, err = w.Write(data)
+		closeErr := w.Close()
+		if err == nil {
+			err = closeErr
+		}
+		c.checksumMu.Unlock()
+
+		return
 	} else {
-		h.Sum(buf[:0])
-	}
+		if checksumFi != nil {
+			if !checksumFi.Mode().IsDir() {
+				// unreachable
+				err = InvalidFileModeError(checksumFi.Mode())
+			}
+			return
+		}
 
-	checksumPathname := c.pathname(buf)
+		workPathname := c.base.Append(dirWork, ids)
+		defer func() {
+			// must not use the value of checksum string as it might be zeroed
+			// to cancel the deferred symlink operation
 
-	if lock {
-		c.mu.Lock()
-		defer c.mu.Unlock()
-	}
+			if err != nil {
+				chmodErr := filepath.WalkDir(workPathname.String(), func(
+					path string,
+					d fs.DirEntry,
+					err error,
+				) error {
+					if err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+					if d.IsDir() {
+						return os.Chmod(path, 0700)
+					}
+					return nil
+				})
+				if errors.Is(chmodErr, os.ErrNotExist) {
+					chmodErr = nil
+				}
+				removeErr := os.RemoveAll(workPathname.String())
+				if chmodErr != nil || removeErr != nil {
+					err = errors.Join(err, chmodErr, removeErr)
+				} else if errors.Is(err, os.ErrExist) {
+					// two artifacts may be backed by the same file
+					err = nil
+				}
+			}
+		}()
 
-	if f, err := os.OpenFile(
-		checksumPathname.String(),
-		os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_EXCL,
-		0400,
-	); err != nil {
-		// two artifacts may be backed by the same file
-		if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrExist) {
-			return err
+		if err = a.Cure(workPathname, c.loadData); err != nil {
+			return
 		}
-	} else if _, err = f.Write(data); err != nil {
-		// do not attempt cleanup: this is content-addressed and a partial
-		// write is caught during integrity check
-		return err
-	}
 
-	return os.Symlink(
-		"../"+dirChecksum+"/"+path.Base(checksumPathname.String()),
-		identifierPathname.String(),
-	)
-}
+		var fi os.FileInfo
+		if fi, err = os.Lstat(workPathname.String()); err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+				err = NoOutputError{}
+			}
+			return
+		}
 
-// StoreFile stores the contents of a [File]. An optional checksum can be
-// passed via the result buffer which is used to validate the submitted data.
-func (c *Cache) StoreFile(
-	id ID,
-	data []byte,
-	buf *Checksum,
-	validate bool,
-) (pathname *check.Absolute, err error) {
-	pathname = c.pathnameIdent(&id)
-	err = c.storeFile(pathname, data, buf, validate, true)
-	return
-}
+		if !fi.IsDir() {
+			if !fi.Mode().IsRegular() {
+				err = InvalidFileModeError(fi.Mode())
+			} else {
+				err = errors.New("non-file artifact produced regular file")
+			}
+			return
+		}
 
-// LoadOrStoreFile attempts to load the contents of a [File] by its identifier,
-// and if that file is not present, calls makeData and stores its result
-// instead. Hash validation behaviour is identical to StoreFile.
-func (c *Cache) LoadOrStoreFile(
-	id ID,
-	makeData func() ([]byte, error),
-	buf *Checksum,
-	validate bool,
-) (
-	pathname *check.Absolute,
-	data []byte,
-	store bool,
-	err error,
-) {
-	pathname = c.pathnameIdent(&id)
-	c.mu.Lock()
-	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+		// override this before hashing since it will be made read-only after
+		// the rename anyway so do not let perm bits affect the checksum
+		if err = os.Chmod(workPathname.String(), 0700); err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		var gotChecksum Checksum
+		if gotChecksum, err = HashDir(workPathname); err != nil {
+			return
+		}
 
-	data, err = os.ReadFile(pathname.String())
-	if err == nil || !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-		return
-	}
-	store = true
+		if checksumPathname == nil {
+			checksum = gotChecksum
+			checksums = Encode(checksum)
+			checksumPathname = c.base.Append(
+				dirChecksum,
+				checksums,
+			)
+		} else {
+			if gotChecksum != checksum {
+				err = &ChecksumMismatchError{
+					Got:  gotChecksum,
+					Want: checksum,
+				}
+				return
+			}
+		}
+
+		c.checksumMu.Lock()
+		if err = os.Rename(
+			workPathname.String(),
+			checksumPathname.String(),
+		); err != nil {
+			if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrExist) {
+				c.checksumMu.Unlock()
+				return
+			}
+			// err is zeroed during deferred cleanup
+		} else {
+			err = os.Chmod(checksumPathname.String(), 0500)
+		}
+		c.checksumMu.Unlock()
 
-	data, err = makeData()
-	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
-	err = c.storeFile(pathname, data, buf, validate, false)
-	return
 }
 
 // New returns the address to a new instance of [Cache].
@@ -408,5 +601,9 @@ func New(base *check.Absolute) (*Cache, error) {
 
 	return &Cache{
 		base: base,
+
+		ident:        make(map[ID]Checksum),
+		identErr:     make(map[ID]error),
+		identPending: make(map[ID]<-chan struct{}),
 	}, nil
 }
diff --git a/internal/pkg/pkg_test.go b/internal/pkg/pkg_test.go
index 915c7203..1479e2e6 100644
--- a/internal/pkg/pkg_test.go
+++ b/internal/pkg/pkg_test.go
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"crypto/sha512"
 	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"io/fs"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
@@ -12,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"reflect"
 	"syscall"
 	"testing"
+	"unsafe"
 
 	"hakurei.app/container"
 	"hakurei.app/container/check"
@@ -19,41 +22,131 @@ import (
 	"hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
 )
 
-// A stubArtifact implements [Artifact] with hardcoded kind and identifier.
+// overrideIdent overrides the ID method of [Artifact].
+type overrideIdent struct {
+	id pkg.ID
+	pkg.Artifact
+}
+
+func (a overrideIdent) ID() pkg.ID { return a.id }
+
+// overrideIdentFile overrides the ID method of [File].
+type overrideIdentFile struct {
+	id pkg.ID
+	pkg.File
+}
+
+func (a overrideIdentFile) ID() pkg.ID { return a.id }
+
+// A knownIdentArtifact implements [pkg.KnownIdent] and [Artifact]
+type knownIdentArtifact interface {
+	pkg.KnownIdent
+	pkg.Artifact
+}
+
+// A knownIdentFile implements [pkg.KnownIdent] and [File]
+type knownIdentFile interface {
+	pkg.KnownIdent
+	pkg.File
+}
+
+// overrideChecksum overrides the Checksum method of [Artifact].
+type overrideChecksum struct {
+	checksum pkg.Checksum
+	knownIdentArtifact
+}
+
+func (a overrideChecksum) Checksum() pkg.Checksum { return a.checksum }
+
+// overrideChecksumFile overrides the Checksum method of [File].
+type overrideChecksumFile struct {
+	checksum pkg.Checksum
+	knownIdentFile
+}
+
+func (a overrideChecksumFile) Checksum() pkg.Checksum { return a.checksum }
+
+// A stubArtifact implements [Artifact] with hardcoded behaviour.
 type stubArtifact struct {
-	kind pkg.Kind
-	id   pkg.ID
+	kind   pkg.Kind
+	params []byte
+	deps   []pkg.Artifact
+
+	cure func(work *check.Absolute, loadData pkg.CacheDataFunc) error
+}
+
+func (a stubArtifact) Kind() pkg.Kind               { return a.kind }
+func (a stubArtifact) Params() []byte               { return a.params }
+func (a stubArtifact) Dependencies() []pkg.Artifact { return a.deps }
+
+func (a stubArtifact) Cure(
+	work *check.Absolute,
+	loadData pkg.CacheDataFunc,
+) error {
+	return a.cure(work, loadData)
 }
 
-func (a stubArtifact) Kind() pkg.Kind                     { return a.kind }
-func (a stubArtifact) ID() pkg.ID                         { return a.id }
-func (a stubArtifact) Hash() (pkg.Checksum, error)        { panic("unreachable") }
-func (a stubArtifact) Pathname() (*check.Absolute, error) { panic("unreachable") }
+// A stubFile implements [File] with hardcoded behaviour.
+type stubFile struct {
+	data []byte
+	err  error
+
+	stubArtifact
+}
+
+func (a stubFile) Data() ([]byte, error) { return a.data, a.err }
+
+// newStubFile returns an implementation of [pkg.File] with hardcoded behaviour.
+func newStubFile(
+	kind pkg.Kind,
+	id pkg.ID,
+	sum *pkg.Checksum,
+	data []byte,
+	err error,
+) pkg.File {
+	f := overrideIdentFile{id, stubFile{data, err, stubArtifact{
+		kind,
+		nil,
+		nil,
+		func(work *check.Absolute, loadData pkg.CacheDataFunc) error {
+			panic("unreachable")
+		},
+	}}}
+	if sum == nil {
+		return f
+	} else {
+		return overrideChecksumFile{*sum, f}
+	}
+}
 
 func TestIdent(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	testCases := []struct {
-		name   string
-		kind   pkg.Kind
-		params []byte
-		deps   []pkg.Artifact
-		want   pkg.ID
+		name string
+		a    pkg.Artifact
+		want pkg.ID
 	}{
-		{"tar", pkg.KindTar, []byte{
-			pkg.TarGzip, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-		}, []pkg.Artifact{
-			stubArtifact{pkg.KindHTTP, pkg.ID{}},
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("HnySzeLQvSBZuTUcvfmLEX_OmH4yJWWH788NxuLuv7kVn8_uPM6Ks4rqFWM2NZJY")},
+		{"tar", stubArtifact{
+			pkg.KindTar,
+			[]byte{pkg.TarGzip, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+			[]pkg.Artifact{
+				overrideIdent{pkg.ID{}, stubArtifact{}},
+			},
+			nil,
+		}, pkg.MustDecode(
+			"HnySzeLQvSBZuTUcvfmLEX_OmH4yJWWH788NxuLuv7kVn8_uPM6Ks4rqFWM2NZJY",
+		)},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()
 
-			if got := tc.kind.Ident(tc.params, tc.deps...); got != tc.want {
+			if got := pkg.Ident(tc.a); got != tc.want {
 				t.Errorf("Ident: %s, want %s",
 					pkg.Encode(got),
-					pkg.Encode(tc.want))
+					pkg.Encode(tc.want),
+				)
 			}
 		})
 	}
@@ -118,6 +211,37 @@ func checkWithCache(t *testing.T, testCases []cacheTestCase) {
 	}
 }
 
+// A cureStep contains an [Artifact] to be cured, and the expected outcome.
+type cureStep struct {
+	name string
+
+	a pkg.Artifact
+
+	pathname *check.Absolute
+	checksum pkg.Checksum
+	err      error
+}
+
+// cureMany cures many artifacts against a [Cache] and checks their outcomes.
+func cureMany(t *testing.T, c *pkg.Cache, steps []cureStep) {
+	for _, step := range steps {
+		t.Log("cure step:", step.name)
+		if pathname, checksum, err := c.Cure(step.a); !reflect.DeepEqual(err, step.err) {
+			t.Fatalf("Cure: error = %v, want %v", err, step.err)
+		} else if !pathname.Is(step.pathname) {
+			t.Fatalf("Cure: pathname = %q, want %q", pathname, step.pathname)
+		} else if checksum != step.checksum {
+			t.Fatalf("Cure: checksum = %s, want %s", pkg.Encode(checksum), pkg.Encode(step.checksum))
+		} else {
+			v := any(err)
+			if err == nil {
+				v = pathname
+			}
+			t.Log(pkg.Encode(checksum)+":", v)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestCache(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
@@ -134,21 +258,9 @@ func TestCache(t *testing.T) {
 		return (pkg.Checksum)(h.Sum(nil))
 	}()
 
-	testdataChecksumString := pkg.Encode(testdataChecksum)
-
 	testCases := []cacheTestCase{
 		{"file", nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
-			wantErrNonexistent := &os.PathError{
-				Op: "open",
-				Path: base.Append(
-					"identifier",
-					testdataChecksumString,
-				).String(),
-				Err: syscall.ENOENT,
-			}
-			if _, _, err := c.LoadFile(testdataChecksum); !reflect.DeepEqual(err, wantErrNonexistent) {
-				t.Fatalf("LoadFile: error = %#v, want %#v", err, wantErrNonexistent)
-			}
+			c.SetStrict(true)
 
 			identifier := (pkg.ID)(bytes.Repeat([]byte{
 				0x75, 0xe6, 0x9d, 0x6d, 0xe7, 0x9f,
@@ -165,154 +277,109 @@ func TestCache(t *testing.T) {
 				"cafebabecafebabecafebabecafebabecafebabecafebabecafebabecafebabe",
 			)
 
-			// initial store
-			if pathname, err := c.StoreFile(
-				identifier,
-				[]byte(testdata),
-				&testdataChecksum,
-				true,
-			); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("StoreFile: error = %v", err)
-			} else if !pathname.Is(wantPathname) {
-				t.Fatalf("StoreFile: pathname = %q, want %q", pathname, wantPathname)
-			}
+			cureMany(t, c, []cureStep{
+				{"initial file", newStubFile(
+					pkg.KindHTTP,
+					identifier,
+					&testdataChecksum,
+					[]byte(testdata), nil,
+				), wantPathname, testdataChecksum, nil},
 
-			// load or store, identical content
-			if pathname, data, store, err := c.LoadOrStoreFile(identifier0, func() ([]byte, error) {
-				return []byte(testdata), nil
-			}, &testdataChecksum, true); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("LoadOrStoreFile: error = %v", err)
-			} else if !pathname.Is(wantPathname0) {
-				t.Fatalf("LoadOrStoreFile: pathname = %q, want %q", pathname, wantPathname0)
-			} else if string(data) != testdata {
-				t.Fatalf("LoadOrStoreFile: data = %x, want %x", data, testdata)
-			} else if !store {
-				t.Fatal("LoadOrStoreFile did not store nonpresent entry")
-			}
+				{"identical content", newStubFile(
+					pkg.KindHTTP,
+					identifier0,
+					&testdataChecksum,
+					[]byte(testdata), nil,
+				), wantPathname0, testdataChecksum, nil},
 
-			// load or store, existing entry
-			if pathname, data, store, err := c.LoadOrStoreFile(identifier, func() ([]byte, error) {
-				return []byte(testdata), nil
-			}, &testdataChecksum, true); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("LoadOrStoreFile: error = %v", err)
-			} else if !pathname.Is(wantPathname) {
-				t.Fatalf("LoadOrStoreFile: pathname = %q, want %q", pathname, wantPathname)
-			} else if string(data) != testdata {
-				t.Fatalf("LoadOrStoreFile: data = %x, want %x", data, testdata)
-			} else if store {
-				t.Fatal("LoadOrStoreFile stored over present entry")
-			}
+				{"existing entry", newStubFile(
+					pkg.KindHTTP,
+					identifier,
+					&testdataChecksum,
+					[]byte(testdata), nil,
+				), wantPathname, testdataChecksum, nil},
 
-			// load, existing entry
-			if pathname, data, err := c.LoadFile(identifier0); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("LoadFile: error = %v", err)
-			} else if !pathname.Is(wantPathname0) {
-				t.Fatalf("LoadFile: pathname = %q, want %q", pathname, wantPathname0)
-			} else if string(data) != testdata {
-				t.Fatalf("LoadFile: data = %x, want %x", data, testdata)
-			}
+				{"checksum mismatch", newStubFile(
+					pkg.KindHTTP,
+					pkg.ID{0xff, 0},
+					new(pkg.Checksum),
+					[]byte(testdata), nil,
+				), nil, pkg.Checksum{}, &pkg.ChecksumMismatchError{
+					Got: testdataChecksum,
+				}},
 
-			// checksum mismatch
-			wantErrChecksum := &pkg.ChecksumMismatchError{
-				Got: testdataChecksum,
-			}
-			if _, err := c.StoreFile(
-				testdataChecksum,
-				[]byte(testdata),
-				new(pkg.Checksum),
-				true,
-			); !reflect.DeepEqual(err, wantErrChecksum) {
-				t.Fatalf("StoreFile: error = %#v, want %#v", err, wantErrChecksum)
-			}
+				{"store without validation", newStubFile(
+					pkg.KindHTTP,
+					pkg.MustDecode("vsAhtPNo4waRNOASwrQwcIPTqb3SBuJOXw2G4T1mNmVZM-wrQTRllmgXqcIIoRcX"),
+					nil,
+					[]byte{0}, nil,
+				), base.Append(
+					"identifier",
+					"vsAhtPNo4waRNOASwrQwcIPTqb3SBuJOXw2G4T1mNmVZM-wrQTRllmgXqcIIoRcX",
+				), pkg.Checksum{
+					0xbe, 0xc0, 0x21, 0xb4, 0xf3, 0x68,
+					0xe3, 0x06, 0x91, 0x34, 0xe0, 0x12,
+					0xc2, 0xb4, 0x30, 0x70, 0x83, 0xd3,
+					0xa9, 0xbd, 0xd2, 0x06, 0xe2, 0x4e,
+					0x5f, 0x0d, 0x86, 0xe1, 0x3d, 0x66,
+					0x36, 0x65, 0x59, 0x33, 0xec, 0x2b,
+					0x41, 0x34, 0x65, 0x96, 0x68, 0x17,
+					0xa9, 0xc2, 0x08, 0xa1, 0x17, 0x17,
+				}, nil},
 
-			// verify failed store
-			if _, _, err := c.LoadFile(testdataChecksum); !reflect.DeepEqual(err, wantErrNonexistent) {
-				t.Fatalf("LoadFile: error = %#v, want %#v", err, wantErrNonexistent)
-			}
+				{"error passthrough", newStubFile(
+					pkg.KindHTTP,
+					pkg.ID{0xff, 1},
+					nil,
+					nil, stub.UniqueError(0xcafe),
+				), nil, pkg.Checksum{}, stub.UniqueError(0xcafe)},
 
-			// store, same identifier
-			wantPathnameF := base.Append(
-				"identifier",
-				testdataChecksumString,
-			)
-			if pathname, err := c.StoreFile(
-				testdataChecksum,
-				[]byte(testdata),
-				&testdataChecksum,
-				true,
-			); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("StoreFile: error = %v", err)
-			} else if !pathname.Is(wantPathnameF) {
-				t.Fatalf("StoreFile: pathname = %q, want %q", pathname, wantPathnameF)
-			}
-
-			// load, same identifier
-			if pathname, data, err := c.LoadFile(testdataChecksum); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("LoadFile: error = %v", err)
-			} else if !pathname.Is(wantPathnameF) {
-				t.Fatalf("LoadFile: pathname = %q, want %q", pathname, wantPathnameF)
-			} else if string(data) != testdata {
-				t.Fatalf("LoadFile: data = %x, want %x", data, testdata)
-			}
+				{"error caching", newStubFile(
+					pkg.KindHTTP,
+					pkg.ID{0xff, 1},
+					nil,
+					nil, nil,
+				), nil, pkg.Checksum{}, stub.UniqueError(0xcafe)},
 
-			// store without validation
-			wantChecksum := pkg.Checksum{
-				0xbe, 0xc0, 0x21, 0xb4, 0xf3, 0x68,
-				0xe3, 0x06, 0x91, 0x34, 0xe0, 0x12,
-				0xc2, 0xb4, 0x30, 0x70, 0x83, 0xd3,
-				0xa9, 0xbd, 0xd2, 0x06, 0xe2, 0x4e,
-				0x5f, 0x0d, 0x86, 0xe1, 0x3d, 0x66,
-				0x36, 0x65, 0x59, 0x33, 0xec, 0x2b,
-				0x41, 0x34, 0x65, 0x96, 0x68, 0x17,
-				0xa9, 0xc2, 0x08, 0xa1, 0x17, 0x17,
-			}
-			var gotChecksum pkg.Checksum
-			wantPathnameG := base.Append(
-				"identifier",
-				pkg.Encode(wantChecksum),
-			)
-			if pathname, err := c.StoreFile(
-				wantChecksum,
-				[]byte{0},
-				&gotChecksum,
-				false,
-			); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("StoreFile: error = %#v", err)
-			} else if !pathname.Is(wantPathnameG) {
-				t.Fatalf("StoreFile: pathname = %q, want %q", pathname, wantPathnameG)
-			} else if gotChecksum != wantChecksum {
-				t.Fatalf("StoreFile: buf = %x, want %x", gotChecksum, wantChecksum)
-			}
+				{"cache hit bad type", overrideChecksum{testdataChecksum, overrideIdent{pkg.ID{0xff, 2}, stubArtifact{
+					kind: pkg.KindTar,
+				}}}, nil, pkg.Checksum{}, pkg.InvalidFileModeError(
+					0400,
+				)},
+			})
 
-			// makeData passthrough
-			var zeroIdent pkg.ID
-			wantErrPassthrough := stub.UniqueError(0xcafe)
-			if _, _, _, err := c.LoadOrStoreFile(zeroIdent, func() ([]byte, error) {
-				return nil, wantErrPassthrough
-			}, new(pkg.Checksum), true); !reflect.DeepEqual(err, wantErrPassthrough) {
-				t.Fatalf("LoadOrStoreFile: error = %#v, want %#v", err, wantErrPassthrough)
-			}
+			if c0, err := pkg.New(base); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("New: error = %v", err)
+			} else {
+				cureMany(t, c0, []cureStep{
+					{"cache hit ident", overrideIdent{
+						id: identifier,
+					}, wantPathname, testdataChecksum, nil},
 
-			// verify failed store
-			wantErrNonexistentZero := &os.PathError{
-				Op: "open",
-				Path: base.Append(
-					"identifier",
-					"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA",
-				).String(),
-				Err: syscall.ENOENT,
-			}
-			if _, _, err := c.LoadFile(zeroIdent); !reflect.DeepEqual(err, wantErrNonexistentZero) {
-				t.Fatalf("LoadFile: error = %#v, want %#v", err, wantErrNonexistentZero)
+					{"cache miss checksum match", newStubFile(
+						pkg.KindHTTP,
+						testdataChecksum,
+						nil,
+						[]byte(testdata),
+						nil,
+					), base.Append(
+						"identifier",
+						pkg.Encode(testdataChecksum),
+					), testdataChecksum, nil},
+				})
 			}
 		}, pkg.MustDecode("St9rlE-mGZ5gXwiv_hzQ_B8bZP-UUvSNmf4nHUZzCMOumb6hKnheZSe0dmnuc4Q2")},
 
 		{"directory", nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
 			id := pkg.KindTar.Ident(
 				binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(nil, pkg.TarGzip),
-				stubArtifact{pkg.KindHTTP, testdataChecksum},
+				overrideIdent{testdataChecksum, stubArtifact{}},
 			)
-			makeSample := func(work *check.Absolute) error {
+			makeSample := func(work *check.Absolute, _ pkg.CacheDataFunc) error {
+				if err := os.Mkdir(work.String(), 0700); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+
 				if err := os.WriteFile(
 					work.Append("check").String(),
 					[]byte{0, 0},
@@ -344,59 +411,22 @@ func TestCache(t *testing.T) {
 				pkg.Encode(id),
 			)
 
-			if pathname, store, err := c.Store(
-				id,
-				makeSample,
-				&wantChecksum,
-				true,
-			); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Store: error = %v", err)
-			} else if !store {
-				t.Fatal("Store did not store nonpresent entry")
-			} else if !pathname.Is(wantPathname) {
-				t.Fatalf("Store: pathname = %q, want %q", pathname, wantPathname)
-			}
-
-			// check lookup
-			if pathname, store, err := c.Store(
-				id,
-				nil,
-				&wantChecksum,
-				true,
-			); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Store: error = %v", err)
-			} else if store {
-				t.Fatal("Store stored over present entry")
-			} else if !pathname.Is(wantPathname) {
-				t.Fatalf("Store: pathname = %q, want %q", pathname, wantPathname)
-			}
-
-			// check exist
 			id0 := pkg.KindTar.Ident(
 				binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(nil, pkg.TarGzip),
-				stubArtifact{pkg.KindHTTP, pkg.ID{}},
+				overrideIdent{pkg.ID{}, stubArtifact{}},
 			)
 			wantPathname0 := base.Append(
 				"identifier",
 				pkg.Encode(id0),
 			)
-			if pathname, store, err := c.Store(
-				id0,
-				makeSample,
-				&wantChecksum,
-				true,
-			); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Store: error = %v", err)
-			} else if !store {
-				t.Fatal("Store did not store nonpresent entry")
-			} else if !pathname.Is(wantPathname0) {
-				t.Fatalf("Store: pathname = %q, want %q", pathname, wantPathname0)
-			}
 
-			var wantErrMakeGarbage error
-			makeGarbage := func(work *check.Absolute) error {
+			makeGarbage := func(work *check.Absolute, wantErr error) error {
+				if err := os.Mkdir(work.String(), 0700); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+
 				mode := fs.FileMode(0)
-				if wantErrMakeGarbage == nil {
+				if wantErr == nil {
 					mode = 0500
 				}
 
@@ -426,38 +456,144 @@ func TestCache(t *testing.T) {
 					return err
 				}
 
-				return wantErrMakeGarbage
+				return wantErr
 			}
 
-			// check makeArtifact fault
-			wantErrMakeGarbage = stub.UniqueError(0xcafe)
-			if _, store, err := c.Store(
-				pkg.ID{},
-				makeGarbage,
-				nil,
-				false,
-			); !reflect.DeepEqual(err, wantErrMakeGarbage) {
-				t.Fatalf("Store: error = %#v, want %#v", err, wantErrMakeGarbage)
-			} else if !store {
-				t.Fatal("Store did not store nonpresent entry")
-			}
+			cureMany(t, c, []cureStep{
+				{"initial directory", overrideChecksum{wantChecksum, overrideIdent{id, stubArtifact{
+					kind: pkg.KindTar,
+					cure: makeSample,
+				}}}, wantPathname, wantChecksum, nil},
 
-			// checksum mismatch
-			wantErrMakeGarbage = nil
-			wantErrMismatch := &pkg.ChecksumMismatchError{
-				Got: pkg.MustDecode("GbjlYMcHQANdfwL6qNGopBF99IscPTvCy95HSH1_kIF3eKjFDSLP0_iUUT0z8hiw"),
-			}
-			if _, store, err := c.Store(
-				pkg.ID{},
-				makeGarbage,
-				new(pkg.Checksum),
-				true,
-			); !reflect.DeepEqual(err, wantErrMismatch) {
-				t.Fatalf("Store: error = %v, want %v", err, wantErrMismatch)
-			} else if !store {
-				t.Fatal("Store did not store nonpresent entry")
-			}
+				{"identical identifier", overrideChecksum{wantChecksum, overrideIdent{id, stubArtifact{
+					kind: pkg.KindTar,
+				}}}, wantPathname, wantChecksum, nil},
+
+				{"identical checksum", overrideIdent{id0, stubArtifact{
+					kind: pkg.KindTar,
+					cure: makeSample,
+				}}, wantPathname0, wantChecksum, nil},
+
+				{"cure fault", overrideIdent{pkg.ID{0xff, 0}, stubArtifact{
+					kind: pkg.KindTar,
+					cure: func(work *check.Absolute, _ pkg.CacheDataFunc) error {
+						return makeGarbage(work, stub.UniqueError(0xcafe))
+					},
+				}}, nil, pkg.Checksum{}, stub.UniqueError(0xcafe)},
+
+				{"checksum mismatch", overrideChecksum{pkg.Checksum{}, overrideIdent{pkg.ID{0xff, 1}, stubArtifact{
+					kind: pkg.KindTar,
+					cure: func(work *check.Absolute, _ pkg.CacheDataFunc) error {
+						return makeGarbage(work, nil)
+					},
+				}}}, nil, pkg.Checksum{}, &pkg.ChecksumMismatchError{
+					Got: pkg.MustDecode(
+						"GbjlYMcHQANdfwL6qNGopBF99IscPTvCy95HSH1_kIF3eKjFDSLP0_iUUT0z8hiw",
+					),
+				}},
+
+				{"cache hit bad type", newStubFile(
+					pkg.KindHTTP,
+					pkg.ID{0xff, 2},
+					&wantChecksum,
+					[]byte(testdata), nil,
+				), nil, pkg.Checksum{}, pkg.InvalidFileModeError(
+					fs.ModeDir | 0500,
+				)},
+
+				{"loadData directory", overrideIdent{pkg.ID{0xff, 3}, stubArtifact{
+					kind: pkg.KindTar,
+					cure: func(work *check.Absolute, loadData pkg.CacheDataFunc) error {
+						_, err := loadData(overrideChecksumFile{checksum: wantChecksum})
+						return err
+					},
+				}}, nil, pkg.Checksum{}, &os.PathError{
+					Op: "read",
+					Path: base.Append(
+						"checksum",
+						pkg.Encode(wantChecksum),
+					).String(),
+					Err: syscall.EISDIR,
+				}},
+
+				{"no output", overrideIdent{pkg.ID{0xff, 4}, stubArtifact{
+					kind: pkg.KindTar,
+					cure: func(work *check.Absolute, loadData pkg.CacheDataFunc) error {
+						return nil
+					},
+				}}, nil, pkg.Checksum{}, pkg.NoOutputError{}},
+
+				{"file output", overrideIdent{pkg.ID{0xff, 5}, stubArtifact{
+					kind: pkg.KindTar,
+					cure: func(work *check.Absolute, loadData pkg.CacheDataFunc) error {
+						return os.WriteFile(work.String(), []byte{0}, 0400)
+					},
+				}}, nil, pkg.Checksum{}, errors.New("non-file artifact produced regular file")},
+
+				{"symlink output", overrideIdent{pkg.ID{0xff, 6}, stubArtifact{
+					kind: pkg.KindTar,
+					cure: func(work *check.Absolute, loadData pkg.CacheDataFunc) error {
+						return os.Symlink(work.String(), work.String())
+					},
+				}}, nil, pkg.Checksum{}, pkg.InvalidFileModeError(
+					fs.ModeSymlink | 0777,
+				)},
+			})
 		}, pkg.MustDecode("8OP6YxJAdRrhV2WSBt1BPD7oC_n2Qh7JqUMyVMoGvjDX83bDqq2hgVMNcdiBH_64")},
+
+		{"pending", nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
+			c.SetStrict(true)
+
+			wantErr := stub.UniqueError(0xcafe)
+			n, ready := make(chan struct{}), make(chan struct{})
+			go func() {
+				if _, _, err := c.Cure(overrideIdent{pkg.ID{0xff}, stubArtifact{
+					kind: pkg.KindTar,
+					cure: func(work *check.Absolute, loadData pkg.CacheDataFunc) error {
+						close(ready)
+						<-n
+						return wantErr
+					},
+				}}); !reflect.DeepEqual(err, wantErr) {
+					panic(fmt.Sprintf("Cure: error = %v, want %v", err, wantErr))
+				}
+			}()
+
+			<-ready
+			go func() {
+				if _, _, err := c.Cure(overrideIdent{pkg.ID{0xff}, stubArtifact{
+					kind: pkg.KindTar,
+				}}); !reflect.DeepEqual(err, wantErr) {
+					panic(fmt.Sprintf("Cure: error = %v, want %v", err, wantErr))
+				}
+			}()
+
+			// check cache activity while a cure is blocking
+			cureMany(t, c, []cureStep{
+				{"error passthrough", newStubFile(
+					pkg.KindHTTP,
+					pkg.ID{0xff, 1},
+					nil,
+					nil, stub.UniqueError(0xbad),
+				), nil, pkg.Checksum{}, stub.UniqueError(0xbad)},
+
+				{"file output", overrideIdent{pkg.ID{0xff, 2}, stubArtifact{
+					kind: pkg.KindTar,
+					cure: func(work *check.Absolute, loadData pkg.CacheDataFunc) error {
+						return os.WriteFile(work.String(), []byte{0}, 0400)
+					},
+				}}, nil, pkg.Checksum{}, errors.New("non-file artifact produced regular file")},
+			})
+
+			identPendingVal := reflect.ValueOf(c).Elem().FieldByName("identPending")
+			identPending := reflect.NewAt(
+				identPendingVal.Type(),
+				unsafe.Pointer(identPendingVal.UnsafeAddr()),
+			).Elem().Interface().(map[pkg.ID]<-chan struct{})
+			notify := identPending[pkg.ID{0xff}]
+			go close(n)
+			<-notify
+		}, pkg.MustDecode("E4vEZKhCcL2gPZ2Tt59FS3lDng-d_2SKa2i5G_RbDfwGn6EemptFaGLPUDiOa94C")},
 	}
 	checkWithCache(t, testCases)
 }
@@ -484,6 +620,14 @@ func TestErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		{"DisallowedTypeflagError", pkg.DisallowedTypeflagError(
 			tar.TypeChar,
 		), "disallowed typeflag '3'"},
+
+		{"InvalidFileModeError", pkg.InvalidFileModeError(
+			fs.ModeSymlink | 0777,
+		), "artifact did not produce a regular file or directory"},
+
+		{"NoOutputError", pkg.NoOutputError{
+			// empty struct
+		}, "artifact cured successfully but did not produce any output"},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
diff --git a/internal/pkg/tar.go b/internal/pkg/tar.go
index 1483246c..2b9aacdf 100644
--- a/internal/pkg/tar.go
+++ b/internal/pkg/tar.go
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 	"io/fs"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
-	"sync"
 
 	"hakurei.app/container/check"
 )
@@ -25,59 +24,44 @@ const (
 
 // A tarArtifact is an [Artifact] unpacking a tarball backed by a [File].
 type tarArtifact struct {
-	// Computed ahead of time from the checksum of the identifier of f appended
-	// with parameters of tarArtifact.
-	id ID
-
 	// Caller-supplied backing tarball.
 	f File
 	// Compression on top of the tarball.
 	compression uint64
-
-	// Populated when submitting to or loading from [Cache].
-	pathname *check.Absolute
-	// Checksum of cured directory. Valid if pathname is not nil.
-	checksum Checksum
-
-	// Instance of [Cache] to submit the cured artifact to.
-	c *Cache
-	// Protects the Pathname critical section.
-	mu sync.Mutex
 }
 
 // NewTar returns a new [Artifact] backed by the supplied [File] and
 // compression method.
-func (c *Cache) NewTar(f File, compression uint64) Artifact {
-	return &tarArtifact{id: KindTar.Ident(
-		binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(nil, compression), f,
-	), f: f, compression: compression, c: c}
+func NewTar(f File, compression uint64) Artifact {
+	return &tarArtifact{f: f, compression: compression}
 }
 
 // NewHTTPGetTar is abbreviation for NewHTTPGet passed to NewTar.
-func (c *Cache) NewHTTPGetTar(
+func NewHTTPGetTar(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	hc *http.Client,
 	url string,
 	checksum Checksum,
 	compression uint64,
 ) (Artifact, error) {
-	f, err := c.NewHTTPGet(ctx, hc, url, checksum)
+	f, err := NewHTTPGet(ctx, hc, url, checksum)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return c.NewTar(f, compression), nil
+	return NewTar(f, compression), nil
 }
 
 // Kind returns the hardcoded [Kind] constant.
 func (a *tarArtifact) Kind() Kind { return KindTar }
 
-// ID returns the identifier prepared ahead of time.
-func (a *tarArtifact) ID() ID { return a.id }
+// Params returns compression encoded in little endian.
+func (a *tarArtifact) Params() []byte {
+	return binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(nil, a.compression)
+}
 
-// Hash cures the [Artifact] and returns its hash.
-func (a *tarArtifact) Hash() (Checksum, error) {
-	_, err := a.Pathname()
-	return a.checksum, err
+// Dependencies returns a slice containing the backing file.
+func (a *tarArtifact) Dependencies() []Artifact {
+	return []Artifact{a.f}
 }
 
 // A DisallowedTypeflagError describes a disallowed typeflag encountered while
@@ -88,146 +72,131 @@ func (e DisallowedTypeflagError) Error() string {
 	return "disallowed typeflag '" + string(e) + "'"
 }
 
-// Pathname cures the [Artifact] and returns its pathname in the [Cache].
-func (a *tarArtifact) Pathname() (*check.Absolute, error) {
-	a.mu.Lock()
-	defer a.mu.Unlock()
+// Cure cures the [Artifact], producing a directory located at work.
+func (a *tarArtifact) Cure(work *check.Absolute, loadData CacheDataFunc) (err error) {
+	var tr io.ReadCloser
 
-	if a.pathname != nil {
-		return a.pathname, nil
+	{
+		var data []byte
+		data, err = loadData(a.f)
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		tr = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(data))
 	}
 
-	pathname, _, err := a.c.Store(a.id, func(work *check.Absolute) (err error) {
-		var tr io.ReadCloser
-
-		{
-			var data []byte
-			data, err = a.f.Data()
-			if err != nil {
-				return
-			}
-			tr = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(data))
+	defer func() {
+		closeErr := tr.Close()
+		if err == nil {
+			err = closeErr
 		}
+	}()
 
-		defer func() {
-			closeErr := tr.Close()
-			if err == nil {
-				err = closeErr
-			}
-		}()
-
-		switch a.compression {
-		case TarUncompressed:
-			break
-
-		case TarGzip:
-			if tr, err = gzip.NewReader(tr); err != nil {
-				return
-			}
-			break
-
-		default:
-			return os.ErrInvalid
-		}
+	switch a.compression {
+	case TarUncompressed:
+		break
 
-		type dirTargetPerm struct {
-			path *check.Absolute
-			mode fs.FileMode
+	case TarGzip:
+		if tr, err = gzip.NewReader(tr); err != nil {
+			return
 		}
-		var madeDirectories []dirTargetPerm
+		break
 
-		var header *tar.Header
-		r := tar.NewReader(tr)
-		for header, err = r.Next(); err == nil; header, err = r.Next() {
-			typeflag := header.Typeflag
-			for {
-				switch typeflag {
-				case 0:
-					if len(header.Name) > 0 && header.Name[len(header.Name)-1] == '/' {
-						typeflag = tar.TypeDir
-					} else {
-						typeflag = tar.TypeReg
-					}
-					continue
+	default:
+		return os.ErrInvalid
+	}
 
-				case tar.TypeReg:
-					var f *os.File
-					if f, err = os.OpenFile(
-						work.Append(header.Name).String(),
-						os.O_CREATE|os.O_EXCL|os.O_WRONLY,
-						header.FileInfo().Mode()&0400,
-					); err != nil {
-						return
-					}
-					if _, err = io.Copy(f, r); err != nil {
-						_ = f.Close()
-						return
-					} else if err = f.Close(); err != nil {
-						return
-					}
-					break
+	type dirTargetPerm struct {
+		path *check.Absolute
+		mode fs.FileMode
+	}
+	var madeDirectories []dirTargetPerm
 
-				case tar.TypeLink:
-					if err = os.Link(
-						header.Linkname,
-						work.Append(header.Name).String(),
-					); err != nil {
-						return
-					}
-					break
+	var header *tar.Header
+	r := tar.NewReader(tr)
+	for header, err = r.Next(); err == nil; header, err = r.Next() {
+		typeflag := header.Typeflag
+		for {
+			switch typeflag {
+			case 0:
+				if len(header.Name) > 0 && header.Name[len(header.Name)-1] == '/' {
+					typeflag = tar.TypeDir
+				} else {
+					typeflag = tar.TypeReg
+				}
+				continue
 
-				case tar.TypeSymlink:
-					if err = os.Symlink(
-						header.Linkname,
-						work.Append(header.Name).String(),
-					); err != nil {
-						return
-					}
-					break
+			case tar.TypeReg:
+				var f *os.File
+				if f, err = os.OpenFile(
+					work.Append(header.Name).String(),
+					os.O_CREATE|os.O_EXCL|os.O_WRONLY,
+					header.FileInfo().Mode()&0400,
+				); err != nil {
+					return
+				}
+				if _, err = io.Copy(f, r); err != nil {
+					_ = f.Close()
+					return
+				} else if err = f.Close(); err != nil {
+					return
+				}
+				break
 
-				case tar.TypeDir:
-					pathname := work.Append(header.Name)
-					madeDirectories = append(madeDirectories, dirTargetPerm{
-						path: pathname,
-						mode: header.FileInfo().Mode(),
-					})
-					if err = os.MkdirAll(
-						pathname.String(),
-						0700,
-					); err != nil {
-						return
-					}
-					break
+			case tar.TypeLink:
+				if err = os.Link(
+					header.Linkname,
+					work.Append(header.Name).String(),
+				); err != nil {
+					return
+				}
+				break
 
-				case tar.TypeXGlobalHeader:
-					// ignore
-					break
+			case tar.TypeSymlink:
+				if err = os.Symlink(
+					header.Linkname,
+					work.Append(header.Name).String(),
+				); err != nil {
+					return
+				}
+				break
 
-				default:
-					return DisallowedTypeflagError(typeflag)
+			case tar.TypeDir:
+				pathname := work.Append(header.Name)
+				madeDirectories = append(madeDirectories, dirTargetPerm{
+					path: pathname,
+					mode: header.FileInfo().Mode(),
+				})
+				if err = os.MkdirAll(
+					pathname.String(),
+					0700,
+				); err != nil {
+					return
 				}
+				break
 
+			case tar.TypeXGlobalHeader:
+				// ignore
 				break
+
+			default:
+				return DisallowedTypeflagError(typeflag)
 			}
+
+			break
 		}
-		if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
-			err = nil
-		}
+	}
+	if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		err = nil
+	}
 
-		if err == nil {
-			for _, e := range madeDirectories {
-				if err = os.Chmod(e.path.String(), e.mode&0500); err != nil {
-					return
-				}
+	if err == nil {
+		for _, e := range madeDirectories {
+			if err = os.Chmod(e.path.String(), e.mode&0500); err != nil {
+				return
 			}
-			err = os.Chmod(work.String(), 0500)
 		}
-		return
-	}, &a.checksum, false)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		err = os.Chmod(work.String(), 0500)
 	}
-
-	a.pathname = pathname
-	return pathname, nil
+	return
 }
diff --git a/internal/pkg/tar_test.go b/internal/pkg/tar_test.go
index a629c9ee..309a1c76 100644
--- a/internal/pkg/tar_test.go
+++ b/internal/pkg/tar_test.go
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ func TestTar(t *testing.T) {
 				return pkg.ID(h.Sum(nil))
 			}()
 
-			a, err := c.NewHTTPGetTar(
+			a, err := pkg.NewHTTPGetTar(
 				t.Context(),
 				&client,
 				"file:///testdata",
@@ -89,27 +89,27 @@ func TestTar(t *testing.T) {
 
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("NewHTTPGetTar: error = %v", err)
-			} else if id := a.ID(); id != wantIdent {
-				t.Fatalf("ID: %s, want %s", pkg.Encode(id), pkg.Encode(wantIdent))
+			} else if id := pkg.Ident(a); id != wantIdent {
+				t.Fatalf("Ident: %s, want %s", pkg.Encode(id), pkg.Encode(wantIdent))
 			}
 
-			var pathname *check.Absolute
+			var (
+				pathname *check.Absolute
+				checksum pkg.Checksum
+			)
 			wantPathname := base.Append(
 				"identifier",
 				pkg.Encode(wantIdent),
 			)
-			if pathname, err = a.Pathname(); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Pathname: error = %v", err)
+			wantChecksum := pkg.MustDecode(
+				"yJlSb2A3jxaMLuKqwp1GwHOguAHddS9MjygF9ICEeegKfRvgLPdPmNh8mva47f8o",
+			)
+			if pathname, checksum, err = c.Cure(a); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Cure: error = %v", err)
 			} else if !pathname.Is(wantPathname) {
-				t.Fatalf("Pathname: %q, want %q", pathname, wantPathname)
-			}
-
-			var checksum pkg.Checksum
-			wantChecksum := pkg.MustDecode("yJlSb2A3jxaMLuKqwp1GwHOguAHddS9MjygF9ICEeegKfRvgLPdPmNh8mva47f8o")
-			if checksum, err = a.Hash(); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Hash: error = %v", err)
+				t.Fatalf("Cure: %q, want %q", pathname, wantPathname)
 			} else if checksum != wantChecksum {
-				t.Fatalf("Hash: %v", &pkg.ChecksumMismatchError{
+				t.Fatalf("Cure: %v", &pkg.ChecksumMismatchError{
 					Got:  checksum,
 					Want: wantChecksum,
 				})